JIS B2311 Butt-Welding Fitting
JIS B2311 Buttweld Pipe Fittings
JIS B2311 is a Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) specification for pipe fittings, which covers the general dimensions, tolerances, and other technical specifications for pipe fittings used in various piping systems. These fittings are used for joining, branching, or changing the direction of pipes in mechanical, industrial, and fluid handling systems.
Type of JIS B2311 Buttweld Pipe Fittings
JIS B2311 Buttweld Pipe Fittings Dimensions
45-Degree Elbow Dimensions Chart (in lbs)
NPS | O.D. D | 90 deg LR Center-to-End A | 45 deg Long Radius Center-to-End B | 90 deg 3D Center-to-End A | 45 deg 3D Center-to-End B |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/2 | 21.3 | 38 | 16 | – | – |
3/4 | 26.7 | 38 | 19 | 57 | 24 |
1 | 33.4 | 38 | 22 | 76 | 31 |
1¼ | 42.2 | 48 | 25 | 95 | 39 |
1½ | 48.3 | 57 | 29 | 114 | 47 |
2 | 60.3 | 76 | 35 | 152 | 63 |
2½ | 73 | 95 | 44 | 190 | 79 |
3 | 88.9 | 114 | 51 | 229 | 95 |
3½ | 101.6 | 133 | 57 | 267 | 111 |
4 | 114.3 | 152 | 64 | 305 | 127 |
5 | 141.3 | 190 | 79 | 381 | 157 |
6 | 168.3 | 229 | 95 | 457 | 189 |
8 | 219.1 | 305 | 127 | 610 | 252 |
10 | 273 | 381 | 159 | 762 | 316 |
12 | 323.8 | 457 | 190 | 914 | 378 |
14 | 355.6 | 533 | 222 | 1067 | 441 |
16 | 406.4 | 610 | 254 | 1219 | 505 |
18 | 457 | 686 | 286 | 1372 | 568 |
20 | 508 | 762 | 318 | 1524 | 632 |
22 | 559 | 838 | 343 | 1676 | 694 |
24 | 610 | 914 | 381 | 1829 | 757 |
26 | 660 | 991 | 406 | 1981 | 821 |
28 | 711 | 1067 | 438 | 2134 | 883 |
30 | 762 | 1143 | 470 | 2286 | 964 |
32 | 813 | 1219 | 502 | 2438 | 1010 |
34 | 864 | 1295 | 533 | 2591 | 1073 |
36 | 914 | 1372 | 565 | 2743 | 1135 |
38 | 965 | 1448 | 600 | 2896 | 1200 |
40 | 1016 | 1524 | 632 | 3048 | 1264 |
42 | 1067 | 1600 | 660 | 3200 | 1326 |
44 | 1118 | 1676 | 695 | 3353 | 1389 |
46 | 1168 | 1753 | 727 | 3505 | 1453 |
48 | 1219 | 1829 | 759 | 3658 | 1516 |
90 Degree Elbow Dimensions Chart (in lbs)
Inch. | ND | millimeter | Center to center | Radius | Center to end | Back to face |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D | O | A | B | K | ||
1/2 | 15 | 21,34 | 76,20 | 38,10 | 15,87 | 47,62 |
3/4 | 20 | 26,67 | 57,15 | 28,57 | 11,11 | 42,86 |
1 | 25 | 33,40 | 76,20 | 38,10 | 22,22 | 55,56 |
1 1/4 | 32 | 42,16 | 95,25 | 47,60 | 25,40 | 69,85 |
1 1/2 | 40 | 48,26 | 114,30 | 57,15 | 28,57 | 82,55 |
2 | 50 | 60,32 | 152,40 | 76,20 | 34,92 | 106,40 |
2 1/2 | 65 | 73,02 | 190,50 | 95,25 | 44,45 | 131,80 |
3 | 80 | 88,90 | 228,60 | 114,30 | 50,80 | 158,75 |
3 1/2 | 90 | 101,60 | 266,70 | 133,35 | 57,15 | 184,15 |
4 | 100 | 114,30 | 304,80 | 152,40 | 63,50 | 209,55 |
5 | 125 | 141,30 | 381,00 | 190,50 | 79,38 | 261,90 |
6 | 150 | 168,27 | 457,20 | 228,60 | 95,25 | 312,70 |
8 | 200 | 219,07 | 609,60 | 304,80 | 127,00 | 414,30 |
10 | 250 | 273,05 | 762,00 | 381,00 | 158,75 | 517,50 |
12 | 300 | 323,85 | 914,40 | 457,20 | 190,50 | 619,10 |
14 | 350 | 355,60 | 1066,80 | 533,40 | 222,25 | 711,20 |
16 | 400 | 406,40 | 1219,20 | 609,60 | 254,00 | 812,80 |
18 | 450 | 457,20 | 1371,60 | 685,80 | 285,74 | 914,40 |
20 | 500 | 508,00 | 1524,00 | 762,00 | 317,50 | 1016,00 |
22 | 550 | 558,80 | 1676,40 | 838,20 | 342,90 | 1117,60 |
24 | 600 | 609,60 | 1828,80 | 914,40 | 381,00 | 1219,20 |
28 | 700 | 711,20 | 2133,60 | 1066,80 | 441,90 | 1422,40 |
180 Degree Elbow Dimensions Chart (in lbs)
Normal Pipe Size | Outside Daimeter D | ASME 180 degree Long Rad | ASME 180 degree Short Rad | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Center to Center O | Back to Face K | Center to Center O | Back to Face K | ||
1/2 | 21.3 | 76 | 48 | … | … |
3/4 | 26.7 | 76 | 51 | … | … |
1 | 33.4 | 76 | 56 | 51 | 41 |
1.1/4 | 42.2 | 95 | 70 | 64 | 52 |
1.1/2 | 48.3 | 114 | 83 | 76 | 62 |
2 | 60.3 | 152 | 106 | 102 | 81 |
2.1/2 | 73 | 190 | 132 | 127 | 100 |
3 | 88.9 | 229 | 159 | 152 | 121 |
3.1/2 | 101.6 | 267 | 184 | 178 | 140 |
4 | 114.3 | 305 | 210 | 203 | 159 |
5 | 141.3 | 381 | 262 | 254 | 197 |
6 | 168.3 | 457 | 313 | 305 | 237 |
8 | 219.1 | 610 | 414 | 406 | 313 |
10 | 273 | 762 | 518 | 508 | 391 |
12 | 323.8 | 914 | 619 | 610 | 467 |
14 | 355.6 | 1067 | 711 | 711 | 533 |
16 | 406.4 | 1219 | 813 | 813 | 610 |
18 | 457 | 1372 | 914 | 914 | 686 |
20 | 508 | 1524 | 1016 | 1016 | 762 |
22 | 559 | 1676 | 1118 | 1118 | 838 |
24 | 610 | 1829 | 1219 | 1219 | 914 |
Normal Pipe Size | Outside Daimeter D | 180 degree Long Rad | 180 degree Short Rad | ||
Center to Center O | Back to Face K | Center to Center O | Back to Face K |
Straight / Equal Tee Dimensions Chart (in lbs)
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE | OUTSIDE DIAMETER | CENTER TO END | LENGTH |
---|---|---|---|
Inch. | OD | C | M |
1/2 | 21.3 | 25 | 25 |
3/4 | 26.7 | 29 | 29 |
1 | 33.4 | 38 | 38 |
1 1/4 | 42.2 | 48 | 48 |
1 1/2 | 48.3 | 57 | 57 |
2 | 60.3 | 64 | 64 |
2 1/2 | 73 | 76 | 76 |
3 | 88.9 | 86 | 86 |
3 1/2 | 101.6 | 95 | 95 |
4 | 114.3 | 105 | 105 |
5 | 141.3 | 124 | 124 |
6 | 168.3 | 143 | 143 |
8 | 219.1 | 178 | 178 |
10 | 273.1 | 216 | 216 |
12 | 323.9 | 254 | 254 |
14 | 355.6 | 279 | 279 |
16 | 406.4 | 305 | 305 |
18 | 457.2 | 343 | 343 |
20 | 508 | 381 | 381 |
22 | 559 | 419 | 419 |
24 | 610 | 432 | 432 |
26 | 660 | 495 | 495 |
28 | 711 | 521 | 521 |
30 | 762 | 559 | 559 |
32 | 813 | 597 | 597 |
34 | 864 | 635 | 635 |
36 | 914 | 673 | 673 |
38 | 965 | 711 | 711 |
40 | 1016 | 749 | 749 |
42 | 1067 | 762 | 711 |
44 | 1118 | 813 | 762 |
46 | 1168 | 851 | 800 |
48 | 1219 | 889 | 838 |
Reducing Tee Dimensions Chart (in lbs)
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE | OUTSIDE DIAMETER | CENTER TO END | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Inch | D | P | C | M |
1/2 x 3/8 | 21.3 | 17.1 | 25 | 25 |
1/2 x 1/4 | 21.3 | 13.7 | 25 | 25 |
3/4 x 1/2 | 26.7 | 21.3 | 29 | 29 |
3/4 x 3/8 | 26.7 | 17.1 | 29 | 29 |
1 x 3/4 | 33.4 | 26.7 | 38 | 38 |
1 x 1/2 | 33.4 | 21.3 | 38 | 38 |
1 1/4 x 1 | 42.2 | 33.4 | 48 | 48 |
1 1/4 x 3/4 | 42.2 | 26.7 | 48 | 48 |
1 1/4 x 1/2 | 42.2 | 21.3 | 48 | 48 |
1 1/2 x 1 1/2 | 48.3 | 42.2 | 57 | 57 |
1 1/2 x 1 | 48.3 | 33.4 | 57 | 57 |
1 1/2 x 3/4 | 48.3 | 26.7 | 57 | 57 |
1 1/2 x 1/2 | 48.3 | 21.3 | 57 | 57 |
2 x 1 1/2 | 60.3 | 48.2 | 64 | 60 |
2 x 1 1/4 | 60.3 | 42.2 | 64 | 57 |
2 x 1 | 60.3 | 33.4 | 64 | 51 |
2 x 3/4 | 60.3 | 26.7 | 64 | 44 |
2 1/2 x 2 | 73 | 60.3 | 76 | 70 |
2 1/2 x 1 1/2 | 73 | 48.3 | 76 | 67 |
2 1/2 x 1 1/4 | 73 | 42.2 | 76 | 64 |
2 1/2 x 1 | 73 | 33.4 | 76 | 57 |
3 x 2 1/2 | 88.9 | 73 | 86 | 83 |
3 x 2 | 88.9 | 60.3 | 86 | 76 |
3 x 1 1/2 | 88.9 | 48.3 | 86 | 73 |
3 x 1 1/4 | 88.9 | 42.2 | 86 | 70 |
3 1/2 x 3 | 101.6 | 88.9 | 95 | 92 |
3 1/2 x 21/2 | 101.6 | 73 | 95 | 89 |
3 1/2 x 2 | 101.6 | 60.3 | 95 | 83 |
3 1/2 x 1 1/2 | 101.6 | 48.3 | 95 | 79 |
4 x 3 1/2 | 114.3 | 101.6 | 105 | 102 |
4 x 3 | 114.3 | 88.9 | 105 | 98 |
4 x 2 1/2 | 114.3 | 73 | 105 | 95 |
4 x 2 | 114.3 | 60.3 | 105 | 89 |
4 x 1 1/2 | 114.3 | 48.3 | 105 | 86 |
5 x 4 | 141.3 | 114.3 | 124 | 117 |
5 x 3 1/2 | 141.3 | 101.6 | 124 | 114 |
5 x 3 | 141.3 | 88.9 | 124 | 111 |
5 x 2 1/2 | 141.3 | 73 | 124 | 108 |
5 x 2 | 141.3 | 60.3 | 124 | 105 |
6 x 5 | 168.3 | 141.3 | 143 | 137 |
6 x 4 | 168.3 | 114.3 | 143 | 130 |
6 x 3 1/2 | 168.3 | 101.6 | 143 | 127 |
6 x 3 | 168.3 | 88.9 | 143 | 124 |
6 x 2 1/2 | 168.3 | 73 | 143 | 121 |
8 x 6 | 219.1 | 168.3 | 178 | 168 |
8 x 5 | 219.1 | 141.3 | 178 | 162 |
8 x 4 | 219.1 | 114.3 | 178 | 156 |
8 x 3 1/2 | 219.1 | 101.6 | 178 | 152 |
10 x 8 | 273.1 | 219.1 | 216 | 203 |
10 x 6 | 273.1 | 168.1 | 216 | 194 |
10 x 5 | 273.1 | 141.3 | 216 | 191 |
10 x 4 | 273.1 | 114.3 | 216 | 184 |
12 x 10 | 323.9 | 273.1 | 254 | 241 |
12 x 8 | 323.9 | 219.1 | 254 | 229 |
12 x 6 | 323.9 | 168.3 | 254 | 219 |
12 x 5 | 323.9 | 141.3 | 254 | 216 |
14 x 12 | 355.6 | 323.9 | 279 | 270 |
14 x 10 | 355.6 | 273.1 | 279 | 257 |
14 x 8 | 355.6 | 219.1 | 279 | 248 |
14 x 6 | 355.6 | 168.3 | 279 | 238 |
16 x 14 | 406.4 | 355.6 | 305 | 305 |
16 x 12 | 406.4 | 323.9 | 305 | 295 |
16 x 10 | 406.4 | 273.1 | 305 | 283 |
16 x 8 | 406.4 | 219.1 | 305 | 273 |
16 x 6 | 406.4 | 168.3 | 305 | 264 |
18 x 16 | 457 | 406.4 | 343 | 330 |
18 x 14 | 457 | 355.6 | 343 | 330 |
18 x 12 | 457 | 323.9 | 343 | 321 |
18 x 10 | 457 | 273.1 | 343 | 308 |
18 x 8 | 457 | 219.1 | 343 | 298 |
20 x 18 | 508 | 457 | 381 | 368 |
20 x 16 | 508 | 406.4 | 381 | 356 |
20 x 14 | 508 | 355.6 | 381 | 356 |
20 x 12 | 508 | 323.9 | 381 | 346 |
20 x 10 | 508 | 273.1 | 381 | 333 |
20 x 8 | 508 | 219.1 | 381 | 324 |
22 x 20 | 559 | 508 | 419 | 406 |
22 x 18 | 559 | 457 | 419 | 394 |
22 x 16 | 559 | 406.4 | 419 | 381 |
22 x 14 | 559 | 355.6 | 419 | 381 |
22 x 12 | 559 | 323.9 | 419 | 371 |
24 x 10 | 559 | 273.1 | 419 | 359 |
24 x 22 | 610 | 559 | 432 | 432 |
24 x 20 | 610 | 508 | 432 | 432 |
24 x 18 | 610 | 457 | 432 | 419 |
24 x 16 | 610 | 406.4 | 432 | 406 |
24 x 14 | 610 | 355.6 | 432 | 406 |
24 x 12 | 610 | 323.9 | 432 | 397 |
24 x 10 | 610 | 273.1 | 432 | 384 |
Concentric and Eccentric Reducer Dimensions Chart (in lbs)
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE | OUTSIDE DIAMETER | END TO END | |
---|---|---|---|
Inch | D | P | H |
3/4 x 1/2 | 26.7 | 21.3 | 38 |
3/4 x 3/8 | 26.7 | 17.1 | 38 |
1 x 3/4 | 33.4 | 26.7 | 51 |
1 x 1/2 | 33.4 | 21.3 | 51 |
1 1/4 x 1 | 42.2 | 33.4 | 51 |
1 1/4 x 3/4 | 42.2 | 26.7 | 51 |
1 1/4 x 1/2 | 42.2 | 21.3 | 51 |
1 1/2 x 1 1/2 | 48.3 | 42.2 | 64 |
1 1/2 x 1 | 48.3 | 33.4 | 64 |
1 1/2 x 3/4 | 48.3 | 26.7 | 64 |
1 1/2 x 1/2 | 48.3 | 21.3 | 64 |
2 x 1 1/2 | 60.3 | 48.2 | 76 |
2 x 1 1/4 | 60.3 | 42.2 | 76 |
2 x 1 | 60.3 | 33.4 | 76 |
2 x 3/4 | 60.3 | 26.7 | 76 |
2 1/2 x 2 | 73 | 60.3 | 89 |
2 1/2 x 1 1/2 | 73 | 48.3 | 89 |
2 1/2 x 1 1/4 | 73 | 42.2 | 89 |
2 1/2 x 1 | 73 | 33.4 | 89 |
3 x 2 1/2 | 88.9 | 73 | 89 |
3 x 2 | 88.9 | 60.3 | 89 |
3 x 1 1/2 | 88.9 | 48.3 | 89 |
3 x 1 1/4 | 88.9 | 42.2 | 89 |
3 1/2 x 3 | 101.6 | 88.9 | 102 |
3 1/2 x 21/2 | 101.6 | 73 | 102 |
3 1/2 x 2 | 101.6 | 60.3 | 102 |
3 1/2 x 1 1/2 | 101.6 | 48.3 | 102 |
3 1/2 x 1 1/4 | 101.6 | 42.2 | 102 |
4 x 3 1/2 | 114.3 | 101.6 | 102 |
4 x 3 | 114.3 | 88.9 | 102 |
4 x 2 1/2 | 114.3 | 73 | 102 |
4 x 2 | 114.3 | 60.3 | 102 |
4 x 1 1/2 | 114.3 | 48.3 | 102 |
5 x 4 | 141.3 | 114.3 | 127 |
5 x 3 1/2 | 141.3 | 101.6 | 127 |
5 x 3 | 141.3 | 88.9 | 127 |
5 x 2 1/2 | 141.3 | 73 | 127 |
5 x 2 | 141.3 | 60.3 | 127 |
6 x 5 | 168.3 | 141.3 | 140 |
6 x 4 | 168.3 | 114.3 | 140 |
6 x 3 1/2 | 168.3 | 101.6 | 140 |
6 x 3 | 168.3 | 88.9 | 140 |
6 x 2 1/2 | 168.3 | 73 | 140 |
8 x 6 | 219.1 | 168.3 | 152 |
8 x 5 | 219.1 | 141.3 | 152 |
8 x 4 | 219.1 | 114.3 | 152 |
8 x 3 1/2 | 219.1 | 101.6 | 152 |
10 x 8 | 273.1 | 219.1 | 178 |
10 x 6 | 273.1 | 168.1 | 178 |
10 x 5 | 273.1 | 141.3 | 178 |
10 x 4 | 273.1 | 114.3 | 178 |
12 x 10 | 323.9 | 273.1 | 203 |
12 x 8 | 323.9 | 219.1 | 203 |
12 x 6 | 323.9 | 168.3 | 203 |
12 x 5 | 323.9 | 141.3 | 203 |
14 x 12 | 355.6 | 323.9 | 330 |
14 x 10 | 355.6 | 273.1 | 330 |
14 x 8 | 355.6 | 219.1 | 330 |
14 x 6 | 355.6 | 168.3 | 330 |
16 x 14 | 406.4 | 355.6 | 356 |
16 x 12 | 406.4 | 323.9 | 356 |
16 x 10 | 406.4 | 273.1 | 356 |
16 x 8 | 406.4 | 219.1 | 356 |
16 x 6 | 406.4 | 168.3 | 356 |
18 x 16 | 457 | 406.4 | 381 |
18 x 14 | 457 | 355.6 | 381 |
18 x 12 | 457 | 323.9 | 381 |
18 x 10 | 457 | 273.1 | 381 |
18 x 8 | 457 | 219.1 | 381 |
20 x 18 | 508 | 457 | 508 |
20 x 16 | 508 | 406.4 | 508 |
20 x 14 | 508 | 355.6 | 508 |
20 x 12 | 508 | 323.9 | 508 |
20 x 10 | 508 | 273.1 | 508 |
20 x 8 | 508 | 219.1 | 508 |
22 x 20 | 559 | 508 | 508 |
22 x 18 | 559 | 457 | 508 |
22 x 16 | 559 | 406.4 | 508 |
22 x 14 | 559 | 355.6 | 508 |
22 x 12 | 559 | 323.9 | 508 |
24 x 10 | 559 | 273.1 | 508 |
24 x 22 | 610 | 559 | 508 |
24 x 20 | 610 | 508 | 508 |
24 x 18 | 610 | 457 | 508 |
24 x 16 | 610 | 406.4 | 508 |
24 x 14 | 610 | 355.6 | 508 |
24 x 12 | 610 | 323.9 | 508 |
24 x 10 | 610 | 273.1 | 508 |
End Cap Dimension Chart (in lbs)
Inch. | MM | Height | |
---|---|---|---|
D | E | ||
1/2 | 15 | 21,34 | 25,40 |
3/4 | 20 | 26,67 | 31,75 |
25 | 33,40 | 38,10 | |
1 1/4 | 32 | 42,16 | 38,10 |
1 1/2 | 40 | 48,26 | 38,10 |
2 | 50 | 60,32 | 38,10 |
2 1/2 | 65 | 73,02 | 38,10 |
3 | 80 | 88,90 | 50,80 |
3 1/2 | 90 | 101,60 | 63,50 |
4 | 100 | 114,30 | 63,50 |
5 | 125 | 141,30 | 76,20 |
6 | 150 | 168,27 | 88,90 |
8 | 200 | 219,07 | 101,60 |
10 | 250 | 273,05 | 127,00 |
12 | 300 | 323,85 | 152,40 |
14 | 350 | 355,60 | 165,10 |
16 | 400 | 406,40 | 177,80 |
18 | 450 | 457,20 | 203,20 |
20 | 500 | 508,00 | 228,60 |
22 | 550 | 558,80 | 254,00 |
24 | 600 | 609,60 | 266,70 |
28 | 700 | 711,20 | 266,70 |
Stub End Dimensions Chart (in lbs)
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE | LAP DIAMETER | OUTSIDE DIAMETER | LONG PATTERN LENGTH | SHORT PATTERN LENGTH | RADIUS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inch. | A | OD Min | OD Max | L | L | R |
1/2 | 35 | 22.8 | 20.5 | 76 | 51 | 3 |
3/4 | 43 | 28.1 | 25.9 | 76 | 51 | 3 |
1 | 51 | 35 | 32.6 | 102 | 51 | 3 |
1 1/4 | 64 | 43.6 | 41.4 | 102 | 51 | 5 |
1 1/2 | 73 | 49.9 | 47.5 | 102 | 51 | 6 |
2 | 92 | 62.4 | 59.5 | 152 | 64 | 8 |
2 1/2 | 105 | 75.3 | 72.2 | 152 | 64 | 8 |
3 | 127 | 91.3 | 88.1 | 152 | 64 | 10 |
3 1/2 | 140 | 104 | 100.8 | 152 | 76 | 10 |
4 | 157 | 116.7 | 113.5 | 152 | 76 | 11 |
5 | 186 | 144.3 | 140.5 | 203 | 76 | 11 |
6 | 216 | 171.3 | 167.5 | 203 | 89 | 13 |
8 | 270 | 222.1 | 218.3 | 203 | 102 | 13 |
10 | 324 | 277.2 | 272.3 | 254 | 127 | 13 |
12 | 381 | 328 | 323.1 | 254 | 152 | 13 |
14 | 413 | 359.9 | 354.8 | 305 | 152 | 13 |
16 | 470 | 411 | 405.6 | 305 | 152 | 13 |
18 | 533 | 462 | 456 | 305 | 152 | 13 |
20 | 584 | 514 | 507 | 305 | 152 | 13 |
22 | 641 | 565 | 558 | 305 | 152 | 13 |
24 | 692 | 616 | 609 | 305 | 152 | 13 |
Pressure Classes
- Class 5K
- Class 10K
- Class 16K
- Class 20K
- Class 30K
- Class 40K
- Class 64K
- Class 100K
Tolerance
While specific numeric values for tolerances vary depending on the flange size (such as Class 10K, 16K, 30K, etc.) and the type of material, the general approach to tolerances in JIS B2311 follows these guidelines:
- For flanges with a diameter smaller than 600 mm (approx. 24 inches):
- Diameter tolerances can be around ±0.5 mm.
- Tolerances for bolt hole diameters could be ±0.1 mm.
- Thickness tolerance may be around ±0.5 mm.
- For larger flanges (over 600 mm or 24 inches):
- Larger flanges may have slightly broader tolerances, often specified as ±1.0 mm or ±1.5 mm, depending on the size.
Appliaction
1. Industrial Piping Systems
2. Water and Wastewater Treatment
3. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems
4. Food and Beverage Industry
5. Pharmaceutical Industry
6. Marine and Shipbuilding
7. Petrochemical and Refining Industry
8. Nuclear Industry
9. Construction and Infrastructure Projects
10. Automotive Industry