HR31603 Stainless Steel
HR31603 Stainless Steel (UNS S31603 / AISI 316L)
HR31603 Stainless Steel, also known as AISI 316L or UNS S31603, is a low-carbon austenitic stainless steel that offers exceptional corrosion resistance and superior weldability. The addition of 2–3% molybdenum enhances its resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments, making it ideal for use in marine, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.
At Emirerri Steel, we supply HR31603 in a wide range of forms including pipes, tubes, sheets, plates, fittings, and bars — all manufactured to meet international standards and industry-specific requirements.
Key Features
- Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments.
- Low carbon content minimizes carbide precipitation during welding.
- Superior formability, weldability, and toughness even at cryogenic temperatures.
- Good oxidation resistance up to 870°C (1600°F) in intermittent service.
- High strength and durability in harsh and corrosive environments.
Specification Table
| Standard | Designation | Equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM | A240 / A312 / A213 / A276 | Stainless Steel Plates, Pipes, Tubes, and Bars |
| UNS | S31603 | Low Carbon 316 Stainless Steel |
| EN | 1.4404 | Stainless Steel Equivalent |
| JIS | SUS 316L | Japanese Standard |
| ISO | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | International Designation |
Equivalent Grades
| Country/Standard | Grade |
|---|---|
| ASTM / ASME | 316L / S31603 |
| EN | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 / 1.4404 |
| DIN | 1.4404 |
| JIS | SUS 316L |
| BS | 316S12 |
| GOST | 03Х17Н14М3 |
Available Sizes
| Product Form | Size Range |
|---|---|
| Seamless Pipes | 6mm – 610mm OD |
| Welded Pipes | 12mm – 914mm OD |
| Plates & Sheets | 1mm – 100mm Thick |
| Round Bars | 3mm – 350mm Dia |
| Tubes | 6mm – 114mm OD |
| Fittings & Flanges | ½” to 24” NB |
Chemical Composition (% by Weight)
| Element | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | – | 0.03 |
| Manganese (Mn) | – | 2.00 |
| Silicon (Si) | – | 0.75 |
| Phosphorus (P) | – | 0.045 |
| Sulfur (S) | – | 0.030 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 16.0 | 18.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 10.0 | 14.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 2.00 | 3.00 |
| Nitrogen (N) | – | 0.10 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance | Balance |
Mechanical Properties
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (min) | 485 MPa | 70 ksi |
| Yield Strength (0.2% Proof) | 170 MPa | 25 ksi |
| Elongation | 40% | 40% |
| Hardness (Brinell Max) | 217 HB | 217 HB |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 193 GPa | 28 x 10⁶ psi |
Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 8.0 g/cm³ |
| Melting Range | 1370 – 1400°C |
| Specific Heat | 500 J/kg·K |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.74 µΩ·m |
| Thermal Conductivity | 16.2 W/m·K (at 100°C) |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 16.5 µm/m·K (at 100°C) |
Types of HR31603 Products by Emirerri Steel
- HR31603 Seamless Pipe & Tube
- HR31603 Welded Pipe & Tube
- HR31603 Plates & Sheets
- HR31603 Round Bars & Rods
- HR31603 Pipe Fittings & Flanges
- HR31603 Coils & Strips
Corrosion Resistance
HR31603 demonstrates outstanding resistance to corrosion in a wide range of chemical environments, including acid, alkali, and chloride media. The molybdenum addition improves resistance to chloride-induced pitting and crevice corrosion. It also offers excellent resistance to sulfuric and acetic acids, making it highly reliable for chemical processing industries.
Heat Resistance
This grade offers good oxidation resistance in intermittent service up to 870°C and in continuous service up to 925°C. However, it is not recommended for continuous use in the 425°C–860°C range if aqueous corrosion resistance is required.
Heat Treatment
Solution annealing is performed at temperatures between 1010°C to 1120°C, followed by rapid cooling to prevent sensitization. HR31603 cannot be hardened by heat treatment, only by cold working.
Welding
HR31603 has excellent weldability using all standard fusion and resistance welding techniques. For optimum corrosion resistance, weld zones should be annealed after welding. No preheating or post-weld heat treatment is required for thin sections.
Fabrication
The alloy is easily fabricated using standard forming, bending, and drawing methods. It is readily machined and polished to achieve a smooth, hygienic surface, suitable for sanitary applications such as food and pharmaceutical industries.
Applications
- Chemical and Petrochemical Processing
- Marine and Coastal Structures
- Heat Exchangers and Condensers
- Food and Beverage Processing Equipment
- Pharmaceutical and Biotech Plants
- Pulp and Paper Industry
- Oil & Gas Refining Systems
- Architectural and Structural Applications