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Carbon Steel Elbow

Carbon Steel Elbow

Carbon steel elbows are essential components in piping systems, widely used across industries for their durability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. This article provides an in-depth exploration of carbon steel elbows, including their types, applications, manufacturing processes, and advantages. Whether you’re in construction, oil and gas, petrochemical, or another industry, understanding these components is crucial for optimizing system performance.

What is a Carbon Steel Elbow?

A carbon steel elbow is a pipe fitting used to change the direction of flow in a piping system. Typically made from carbon steel, these elbows are designed to handle high-pressure and high-temperature applications. They are categorized by their:

  1. Angle of Bend: Commonly 45°, 90°, or 180°.

  2. Radius: Short-radius (SR) and long-radius (LR) configurations.

  3. End Connections: Threaded, socket weld, or butt weld.

carbon-steel-elbow-90-degree-lr
Carbon Steel 90 Degree Elbow
carbon steel 45 degree elbow
Carbon Steel 45 Degree Elbow
Carbon Steel 180 Degree Elbow

Types of Carbon Steel Elbows

1. 45° Carbon Steel Elbow

  • Description: Redirects fluid flow by 45 degrees.
  • Applications: Used in situations where minor direction changes are needed, such as in irrigation systems or HVAC piping.

2. 90° Carbon Steel Elbow

  • Description: Turns fluid flow by 90 degrees.
  • Applications: Ideal for sharp directional changes in pipelines, commonly seen in industrial and residential systems.

3. 180° Carbon Steel Elbow

  • Description: Reverses fluid flow direction by 180 degrees.
  • Applications: Used in U-shaped piping systems, especially in heat exchangers and condensers.

4. Short Radius (SR) Elbow

  • Description: Features a radius equal to the pipe’s diameter.
  • Applications: Suitable for tight spaces where compact design is necessary.

5. Long Radius (LR) Elbow

  • Description: Radius is 1.5 times the pipe’s diameter.
  • Applications: Reduces pressure loss and minimizes turbulence, making it ideal for smoother flow systems.

6. Reducing Elbow

  • Description: Connects two pipes of different diameters while changing the direction of flow.
  • Applications: Found in systems requiring a size transition, such as in oil refineries.

Carbon Steel Elbow​ Technical Specification

PropertySpecification
Material GradeASTM A234 WPB, ASTM A234 WPC, ASTM A420 WPL6, ASTM A420 WPL3, ASTM A234 WP11, ASTM A234 WP22
StandardASME B16.9, ASME B16.28
Type90° Elbow, 45° Elbow, 180° Elbow, Long Radius Elbow, Short Radius Elbow
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)1/2″ to 48″ (DN 15 to DN 1200)
Pressure Rating150#, 300#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500#
Wall ThicknessSchedule 40, Schedule 80, Schedule 160, Schedule XXS
Bending Radius1.5D, 2D, 3D
End ConnectionButt Weld, Socket Weld, Threaded
TestingHydrostatic Test, Visual Inspection, Radiographic Testing, Ultrasonic Testing, Magnetic Particle Testing
ApplicationsOil and Gas, Chemical Processing, Power Generation, Petrochemical, Construction, Marine, HVAC, Water Treatment
FinishPlain, Galvanized, Coated, Painted
Material PropertiesTensile Strength: 485 MPa (70 ksi), Yield Strength: 205 MPa (30 ksi), Elongation: 30% (min)

 

Carbon Steel Elbow Dimensions

45-Degree Elbow Dimensions Chart (in lbs)

NPSO.D.
D
90 deg LR Center-to-End
A
45 deg Long Radius Center-to-End B90 deg 3D Center-to-End A45 deg 3D Center-to-End B
1/221.33816
3/426.738195724
133.438227631
42.248259539
48.3572911447
260.3763515263
73954419079
388.91145122995
101.613357267111
4114.315264305127
5141.319079381157
6168.322995457189
8219.1305127610252
10273381159762316
12323.8457190914378
14355.65332221067441
16406.46102541219505
184576862861372568
205087623181524632
225598383431676694
246109143811829757
266609914061981821
2871110674382134883
3076211434702286964
32813121950224381010
34864129553325911073
36914137256527431135
38965144860028961200
401016152463230481264
421067160066032001326
441118167669533531389
461168175372735051453
481219182975936581516

90 Degree Elbow Dimensions Chart (in lbs)

Inch.NDmillimeterCenter to centerRadiusCenter to endBack to face
DOABK
1/21521,3476,2038,1015,8747,62
3/42026,6757,1528,5711,1142,86
12533,4076,2038,1022,2255,56
1 1/43242,1695,2547,6025,4069,85
1 1/24048,26114,3057,1528,5782,55
25060,32152,4076,2034,92106,40
2 1/26573,02190,5095,2544,45131,80
38088,90228,60114,3050,80158,75
3 1/290101,60266,70133,3557,15184,15
4100114,30304,80152,4063,50209,55
5125141,30381,00190,5079,38261,90
6150168,27457,20228,6095,25312,70
8200219,07609,60304,80127,00414,30
10250273,05762,00381,00158,75517,50
12300323,85914,40457,20190,50619,10
14350355,601066,80533,40222,25711,20
16400406,401219,20609,60254,00812,80
18450457,201371,60685,80285,74914,40
20500508,001524,00762,00317,501016,00
22550558,801676,40838,20342,901117,60
24600609,601828,80914,40381,001219,20
28700711,202133,601066,80441,901422,40

180 Degree Elbow Dimensions Chart (in lbs)

Normal Pipe SizeOutside Daimeter
D
ASME 180 degree Long RadASME 180 degree Short Rad
Center to Center OBack to Face KCenter to Center OBack to Face K
1/221.37648
3/426.77651
133.476565141
1.1/442.295706452
1.1/248.3114837662
260.315210610281
2.1/273190132127100
388.9229159152121
3.1/2101.6267184178140
4114.3305210203159
5141.3381262254197
6168.3457313305237
8219.1610414406313
10273762518508391
12323.8914619610467
14355.61067711711533
16406.41219813813610
184571372914914686
20508152410161016762
22559167611181118838
24610182912191219914
Normal Pipe SizeOutside Daimeter D180 degree Long Rad180 degree Short Rad
Center to Center OBack to Face KCenter to Center OBack to Face K

Carbon Steel Elbow Weight Chart

45-degree Elbow Weight Chart (in lbs)

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)Schedule 40Schedule 80Schedule 160
1/2″0.60.91.3
3/4″0.81.21.7
1″1.11.62.2
1 1/4″1.42.13.0
1 1/2″1.82.73.7
2″2.64.05.5
2 1/2″4.16.28.4
3″5.78.611.5
4″8.612.717.0
5″11.317.022.7
6″14.521.829.5
8″20.530.741.0
10″28.042.056.0
12″36.855.273.5
14″48.372.496.5
16″60.590.7120.5
18″74.4111.6148.0
20″89.9134.9179.5
24″114.0171.0228.0
30″162.0243.0324.0
36″212.0318.0424.0
42″274.0411.0548.0
48″352.0528.0704.0

90-degree Elbow Weight Chart (in lbs)

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)Schedule 40Schedule 80Schedule 160
1/2″0.71.01.4
3/4″1.01.42.0
1″1.31.92.6
1 1/4″1.62.43.3
1 1/2″2.13.04.0
2″2.94.45.9
2 1/2″4.56.89.1
3″6.59.712.9
4″9.714.619.5
5″12.719.025.3
6″16.524.833.0
8″23.034.546.0
10″31.547.363.7
12″40.961.481.9
14″53.179.7106.0
16″66.099.0132.0
18″80.7121.0160.0
20″97.5146.0194.0
24″123.5185.0246.0
30″177.0265.5354.0
36″234.0351.0468.0
42″304.0456.0608.0
48″388.0582.0776.0

180 Degree Elbow Weight Chart (in lbs)

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)Schedule 40Schedule 80Schedule 160
1/2″1.11.52.0
3/4″1.42.02.8
1″1.82.73.6
1 1/4″2.33.44.5
1 1/2″3.04.45.9
2″4.36.48.5
2 1/2″6.710.113.4
3″9.414.118.7
4″14.020.927.8
5″18.527.536.7
6″24.035.847.8
8″33.049.566.0
10″44.566.889.0
12″56.084.0112.0
14″71.0106.5142.0
16″88.0132.0176.0
18″108.0162.0216.0
20″128.0192.0256.0
24″160.0240.0320.0

Materials and Grades

1. ASTM A234 WPB

  • Widely used in moderate and high-temperature services.

2. ASTM A105

  • Suitable for high-pressure systems.

3. ASTM A420 WPL6

  • Ideal for low-temperature environments.

4. API 5L X52

  • Commonly used in the oil and gas sector.

5. ASTM A106 Grade B

  • Known for its exceptional strength and ductility.

Manufacturing Processes

1. Mandrel Method

  • Process: A mandrel is inserted into the pipe, which is then bent to the desired angle.
  • Advantages: Produces smooth interior surfaces and precise angles.

2. Hot Forming

  • Process: The pipe is heated to high temperatures, allowing it to be reshaped.
  • Advantages: Suitable for producing larger-diameter elbows.

3. Cold Forming

  • Process: Uses mechanical force to bend the pipe without heating.
  • Advantages: Maintains material integrity and saves energy.

4. Welding

  • Process: Plates are cut, formed, and welded into the shape of an elbow.
  • Advantages: Allows for custom shapes and sizes.

5. Extrusion

  • Process: The pipe is pushed through a die to achieve the desired shape.
  • Advantages: High precision and uniformity.

Application

  • Oil and Gas Pipelines
  • Water Treatment Plants
  • Petrochemical
  • Construction
  • Pressure Vessels
  • Phosphate Mining

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