Carbon steel elbows are essential components in piping systems, widely used across industries for their durability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. This article provides an in-depth exploration of carbon steel elbows, including their types, applications, manufacturing processes, and advantages. Whether you’re in construction, oil and gas, petrochemical, or another industry, understanding these components is crucial for optimizing system performance.
A carbon steel elbow is a pipe fitting used to change the direction of flow in a piping system. Typically made from carbon steel, these elbows are designed to handle high-pressure and high-temperature applications. They are categorized by their:
Angle of Bend: Commonly 45°, 90°, or 180°.
Radius: Short-radius (SR) and long-radius (LR) configurations.
End Connections: Threaded, socket weld, or butt weld.
Property | Specification |
Material Grade | ASTM A234 WPB, ASTM A234 WPC, ASTM A420 WPL6, ASTM A420 WPL3, ASTM A234 WP11, ASTM A234 WP22 |
Standard | ASME B16.9, ASME B16.28 |
Type | 90° Elbow, 45° Elbow, 180° Elbow, Long Radius Elbow, Short Radius Elbow |
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) | 1/2″ to 48″ (DN 15 to DN 1200) |
Pressure Rating | 150#, 300#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500# |
Wall Thickness | Schedule 40, Schedule 80, Schedule 160, Schedule XXS |
Bending Radius | 1.5D, 2D, 3D |
End Connection | Butt Weld, Socket Weld, Threaded |
Testing | Hydrostatic Test, Visual Inspection, Radiographic Testing, Ultrasonic Testing, Magnetic Particle Testing |
Applications | Oil and Gas, Chemical Processing, Power Generation, Petrochemical, Construction, Marine, HVAC, Water Treatment |
Finish | Plain, Galvanized, Coated, Painted |
Material Properties | Tensile Strength: 485 MPa (70 ksi), Yield Strength: 205 MPa (30 ksi), Elongation: 30% (min) |
NPS O.D.
D90 deg LR Center-to-End
A45 deg Long Radius Center-to-End B 90 deg 3D Center-to-End A 45 deg 3D Center-to-End B
1/2 21.3 38 16 – –
3/4 26.7 38 19 57 24
1 33.4 38 22 76 31
1¼ 42.2 48 25 95 39
1½ 48.3 57 29 114 47
2 60.3 76 35 152 63
2½ 73 95 44 190 79
3 88.9 114 51 229 95
3½ 101.6 133 57 267 111
4 114.3 152 64 305 127
5 141.3 190 79 381 157
6 168.3 229 95 457 189
8 219.1 305 127 610 252
10 273 381 159 762 316
12 323.8 457 190 914 378
14 355.6 533 222 1067 441
16 406.4 610 254 1219 505
18 457 686 286 1372 568
20 508 762 318 1524 632
22 559 838 343 1676 694
24 610 914 381 1829 757
26 660 991 406 1981 821
28 711 1067 438 2134 883
30 762 1143 470 2286 964
32 813 1219 502 2438 1010
34 864 1295 533 2591 1073
36 914 1372 565 2743 1135
38 965 1448 600 2896 1200
40 1016 1524 632 3048 1264
42 1067 1600 660 3200 1326
44 1118 1676 695 3353 1389
46 1168 1753 727 3505 1453
48 1219 1829 759 3658 1516
Inch. ND millimeter Center to center Radius Center to end Back to face
D O A B K
1/2 15 21,34 76,20 38,10 15,87 47,62
3/4 20 26,67 57,15 28,57 11,11 42,86
1 25 33,40 76,20 38,10 22,22 55,56
1 1/4 32 42,16 95,25 47,60 25,40 69,85
1 1/2 40 48,26 114,30 57,15 28,57 82,55
2 50 60,32 152,40 76,20 34,92 106,40
2 1/2 65 73,02 190,50 95,25 44,45 131,80
3 80 88,90 228,60 114,30 50,80 158,75
3 1/2 90 101,60 266,70 133,35 57,15 184,15
4 100 114,30 304,80 152,40 63,50 209,55
5 125 141,30 381,00 190,50 79,38 261,90
6 150 168,27 457,20 228,60 95,25 312,70
8 200 219,07 609,60 304,80 127,00 414,30
10 250 273,05 762,00 381,00 158,75 517,50
12 300 323,85 914,40 457,20 190,50 619,10
14 350 355,60 1066,80 533,40 222,25 711,20
16 400 406,40 1219,20 609,60 254,00 812,80
18 450 457,20 1371,60 685,80 285,74 914,40
20 500 508,00 1524,00 762,00 317,50 1016,00
22 550 558,80 1676,40 838,20 342,90 1117,60
24 600 609,60 1828,80 914,40 381,00 1219,20
28 700 711,20 2133,60 1066,80 441,90 1422,40
Normal Pipe Size Outside Daimeter
DASME 180 degree Long Rad ASME 180 degree Short Rad
Center to Center O Back to Face K Center to Center O Back to Face K
1/2 21.3 76 48 … …
3/4 26.7 76 51 … …
1 33.4 76 56 51 41
1.1/4 42.2 95 70 64 52
1.1/2 48.3 114 83 76 62
2 60.3 152 106 102 81
2.1/2 73 190 132 127 100
3 88.9 229 159 152 121
3.1/2 101.6 267 184 178 140
4 114.3 305 210 203 159
5 141.3 381 262 254 197
6 168.3 457 313 305 237
8 219.1 610 414 406 313
10 273 762 518 508 391
12 323.8 914 619 610 467
14 355.6 1067 711 711 533
16 406.4 1219 813 813 610
18 457 1372 914 914 686
20 508 1524 1016 1016 762
22 559 1676 1118 1118 838
24 610 1829 1219 1219 914
Normal Pipe Size Outside Daimeter D 180 degree Long Rad 180 degree Short Rad
Center to Center O Back to Face K Center to Center O Back to Face K
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Schedule 160
1/2″ 0.6 0.9 1.3
3/4″ 0.8 1.2 1.7
1″ 1.1 1.6 2.2
1 1/4″ 1.4 2.1 3.0
1 1/2″ 1.8 2.7 3.7
2″ 2.6 4.0 5.5
2 1/2″ 4.1 6.2 8.4
3″ 5.7 8.6 11.5
4″ 8.6 12.7 17.0
5″ 11.3 17.0 22.7
6″ 14.5 21.8 29.5
8″ 20.5 30.7 41.0
10″ 28.0 42.0 56.0
12″ 36.8 55.2 73.5
14″ 48.3 72.4 96.5
16″ 60.5 90.7 120.5
18″ 74.4 111.6 148.0
20″ 89.9 134.9 179.5
24″ 114.0 171.0 228.0
30″ 162.0 243.0 324.0
36″ 212.0 318.0 424.0
42″ 274.0 411.0 548.0
48″ 352.0 528.0 704.0
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Schedule 160
1/2″ 0.7 1.0 1.4
3/4″ 1.0 1.4 2.0
1″ 1.3 1.9 2.6
1 1/4″ 1.6 2.4 3.3
1 1/2″ 2.1 3.0 4.0
2″ 2.9 4.4 5.9
2 1/2″ 4.5 6.8 9.1
3″ 6.5 9.7 12.9
4″ 9.7 14.6 19.5
5″ 12.7 19.0 25.3
6″ 16.5 24.8 33.0
8″ 23.0 34.5 46.0
10″ 31.5 47.3 63.7
12″ 40.9 61.4 81.9
14″ 53.1 79.7 106.0
16″ 66.0 99.0 132.0
18″ 80.7 121.0 160.0
20″ 97.5 146.0 194.0
24″ 123.5 185.0 246.0
30″ 177.0 265.5 354.0
36″ 234.0 351.0 468.0
42″ 304.0 456.0 608.0
48″ 388.0 582.0 776.0
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Schedule 160
1/2″ 1.1 1.5 2.0
3/4″ 1.4 2.0 2.8
1″ 1.8 2.7 3.6
1 1/4″ 2.3 3.4 4.5
1 1/2″ 3.0 4.4 5.9
2″ 4.3 6.4 8.5
2 1/2″ 6.7 10.1 13.4
3″ 9.4 14.1 18.7
4″ 14.0 20.9 27.8
5″ 18.5 27.5 36.7
6″ 24.0 35.8 47.8
8″ 33.0 49.5 66.0
10″ 44.5 66.8 89.0
12″ 56.0 84.0 112.0
14″ 71.0 106.5 142.0
16″ 88.0 132.0 176.0
18″ 108.0 162.0 216.0
20″ 128.0 192.0 256.0
24″ 160.0 240.0 320.0
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